How do authors of systematic reviews deal with research malpractice and misconduct in original studies? A cross-sectional analysis of systematic reviews and survey of their authors

Ref ID 133
First Author N. Elia
Journal BMJ OPEN
Year Of Publishing 2016
URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4785311/pdf/bmjopen-2015-010442.pdf
Keywords • General medical
• Misconduct
• Grey literature
• Transparency
Problem(s) • Perpetuates citation of poor quality primary study data
• Financial conflicts of interest of review authors
• Conflicts of interest or funding of included studies not assessed
• Funding or sponsor of systematic review not reported
• Grey literature excluded
Article Type Empirical
Article Subtype Cross-sectional survey/Methodological systematic review
First Author Country Switzerland
Checklists • AMSTAR 1
Aim To assess how systematic review authors apply procedures to counter common forms of research malpractice such as not publishing completed research, duplicate publications, or selective reporting of outcomes, and to see whether they identify and report misconduct. Published systematic review from four general medical journals (Annals of Internal Medicine, The BMJ, JAMA and The Lancet plus a random sample from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 2013 were selected.
Level of Investigation Descriptive
Summary of Findings Of the 118 included systematic reviews, unpublished trials were searched in 66%. Authors of original studies were contacted in 62%. 69% searched for duplicate publications. 23% reported sponsors of the included studies and 5% analysed the impact o sponsorship bias on the conclusions of the review. Only 4% reported conflicts of interest of included study authors; none of them analysed their impact. 2.5% looked at ethical approval of the included studies. 6% suspected misconduct but only 2% reported it explicitly.
Number of systematic reviews included 118
Number of eligible systematic reviews assessed 136
Treatment impacted No
Treatment impacted description
Interpretation impacted Not Applicable
Interpretation impacted description