The normality assumption on between-study random effects was questionable in a considerable number of Cochrane meta-analyses

Ref ID 885
First Author Z. Liu
Journal BMC MEDICINE
Year Of Publishing 2023
URL https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-023-02823-9
Keywords • General medical
• Heterogeneity
• Cochrane
• Statistical
Problem(s) • Inadequate analysis of heterogeneity
• Weaknesses identified in some Cochrane reviews
Number of systematic reviews included 5652
Summary of Findings From 7667 Cochrane meta-analyses from 5652 overarching Cochrane systematic reviews. The between-study normality assumption was commonly violated in Cochrane meta-analyses. Based on 4234 eligible meta-analyses with binary outcomes and 3433 with non-binary outcomes, the proportion of meta-analyses that had statistically significant non-normality varied from 15.1 to 26.2%. Risk differences and non-binary outcomes led to more frequent non-normality issues than odds ratios and risk ratios. For binary outcomes, the between-study non-normality was more frequently found in meta-analyses with larger sample sizes and event rates away from 0 and 100%.
Did the article find that the problem(s) led to qualitative changes in interpretation of the results? N/A
Are the methods of the article described in enough detail to replicate the study? No