Multiplicity of outcomes and lack of pre-specification for outcome reporting

Articles that support this problem:

Selective reporting of outcomes in randomised controlled trials in systematic reviews of cystic fibrosis

2013 : Bmj open

Bias due to selective inclusion and reporting of outcomes and analyses in systematic reviews of randomised trials of healthcare interventions

2014 : The cochrane library

Outcome reporting bias in Cochrane systematic reviews: a cross-sectional analysis

2020 : Bmj open

Inadvertent P-hacking among trials and systematic reviews of the effect of progestogens in pregnancy? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 : Bjog: an international journal of obstetrics & gynaecology

Generalizability of findings from systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the Leading General Medical Journals

2020 : Journal of rehabilitation medicine

Many scenarios exist for selective inclusion and reporting of results in randomized trials and systematic reviews

2013 : Journal of clinical epidemiology

Multivariate meta-analysis helps examine the impact of outcome reporting bias in Cochrane rheumatoid arthritis reviews

2015 : Journal of clinical epidemiology

Methods to select results to include in meta-analyses deserve more consideration in systematic reviews

2015 : Journal of clinical epidemiology

Survey of new 2007 and 2011 Cochrane reviews found 37% of prespecified outcomes not reported

2015 : Journal of clinical epidemiology

Attention should be given to multiplicity issues in systematic reviews

2008 : Journal of clinical epidemiology

Dealing with effect size multiplicity in systematic reviews and meta‐analyses

2018 : Research synthesis methods

A third of systematic reviews changed or did not specify the primary outcome: a PROSPERO register study

2016 : Journal of clinical epidemiology

A systematic survey showed important limitations in the methods for assessing drug safety among systematic reviews

2020 : Journal of clinical epidemiology

The impact of outcome reporting bias in randomised controlled trials on a cohort of systematic reviews

2010 : Bmj

Multiplicity of data in trial reports and the reliability of meta-analyses: empirical study

2011 : Bmj

Outcomes in Cochrane systematic reviews related to wound care: An investigation into prespecification

2017 : Wound repair & regeneration

Identification and impact of outcome selection bias in meta‐analysis

2005 : Statistics in medicine

Registration of systematic reviews in PROSPERO: 30,000 records and counting

2018 : Systematic reviews

A meta-epidemiological study of subgroup analyses in cochrane systematic reviews of atrial fibrillation

2019 : Systematic reviews

Association between unreported outcomes and effect size estimates in Cochrane meta-analyses

2007 : Jama

Exploring treatment by covariate interactions using subgroup analysis and meta-regression in cochrane reviews: a review of recent practice

2015 : Plos one

Bias due to changes in specified outcomes during the systematic review process

2010 : Plos one

Outcomes in Cochrane systematic reviews addressing four common eye conditions: an evaluation of completeness and comparability

2014 : Plos one

Strong heterogeneity of outcome reporting in systematic reviews

2016 : Journal of clinical epidemiology

Inclusion criteria for outcomes of studies not clearly reported in Cochrane systematic reviews

2017 : Journal of clinical epidemiology

Discrepancies in outcome reporting exist between protocols and published oral health Cochrane systematic reviews

2015 : Plos one

Statistical multiplicity in systematic reviews of anaesthesia interventions: a quantification and comparison between Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews

2011 : Plos one

Age-treatment subgroup analyses in Cochrane intervention reviews: a meta-epidemiological study

2019 : Bmc medicine

Clinical heterogeneity was a common problem in Cochrane reviews of physiotherapy and occupational therapy

2006 : Journal of clinical epidemiology

A descriptive analysis of child-relevant systematic reviews in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

2010 : Bmc pediatrics

Investigation of bias in meta-analyses due to selective inclusion of trial effect estimates: empirical study

2016 : Bmj open

The fate of urological systematic reviews registered in PROSPERO

2019 : World journal of urology

Reporting bias in the literature on the associations of health-related behaviors and statins with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality

2018 : Plos biology

Epidemiology and Reporting Characteristics of Systematic Reviews of Biomedical Research: A Cross-Sectional Study

2016 : Plos medicine

Missing Data in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis

2022 : Pediatric critical care medicine

Substantial heterogeneity found in reporting mortality in Cochrane systematic reviews and Core Outcome Sets in COMET database

2022 : Journal of clinical epidemiology